Computational Thinking Practices
- P1: Connecting Computing
- P2: Creating Computational Artifacts
- P3: Abstracting
- P4: Analyzing Problems and Artifacts
- P5: Communicating
- P6: Collaborating
Big Idea 1: Creativity
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EU 1.1 Creative development can be an essential process for creating computational artifacts.
- LO 1.1.1 Apply a creative development process when creating computational artifacts. [P2]
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EU 1.2 Computing enables people to use creative development processes to create computational artifacts for creative expression or to solve a problem.
- LO 1.2.1 Create a computational artifact for creative expression. [P2]
- LO 1.2.2 Create a computational artifact using computing tools and techniques to solve a problem. [P2]
- LO 1.2.3 Create a new computational artifact by combining or modifying existing artifacts. [P2]
- LO 1.2.4 Collaborate in the creation of computational artifacts. [P6]
- LO 1.2.5 Analyze the correctness, usability, functionality, and suitability of computational artifacts. [P4]
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EU 1.3 Computing can extend traditional forms of human expression and experience.
- LO 1.3.1 Use computing tools and techniques for creative expression. [P2]
Big Idea 2: Abstraction
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EU 2.1 A variety of abstractions built on binary sequences can be used to represent all digital data.
- LO 2.1.1 Describe the variety of abstractions used to represent data. [P3]
- LO 2.1.2 Explain how binary sequences are used to represent digital data. [P5]
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EU 2.2 Multiple levels of abstraction are used to write programs or create other computational artifacts.
- LO 2.2.1 Develop an abstraction when writing a program or creating other computational artifacts. [P2]
- LO 2.2.2 Use multiple levels of abstraction to write programs. [P3]
- LO 2.2.3 Identify multiple levels of abstractions that are used when writing programs. [P3]
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EU 2.3 Models and simulations use abstraction to generate new understanding and knowledge.
- LO 2.3.1 Use models and simulations to represent phenomena. [P3]
- LO 2.3.2 Use models and simulations to formulate, refine, and test hypotheses. [P3]
Big Idea 3: Data and Information
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EU 3.1 People use computer programs to process information to gain insight and knowledge.
- LO 3.1.1 Use computers to process information, find patterns, and test hypotheses about digitally processed information to gain insight and knowledge. [P4]
- LO 3.1.2 Collaborate when processing information to gain insight and knowledge. [P6]
- LO 3.1.3 Explain the insight and knowledge gained from digitally processed data by using appropriate visualizations, notations, and precise language. [P5]
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EU 3.2 Computing facilitates exploration and the discovery of connections in information.
- LO 3.2.1 Extract information from data to discover and explain connections or trends. [P1]
- LO 3.2.2 Use large data sets to explore and discover information and knowledge. [P3]
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EU 3.3 There are trade-offs when representing information as digital data.
- LO 3.3.1 Analyze how data representation, storage, security, and transmission of data involve computational manipulation of information. [P4]
Big Idea 4: Algorithms
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EU 4.1 Algorithms are precise sequences of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer and are implemented using programming languages.
- LO 4.1.1 Develop an algorithm for implementation in a program. [P2]
- LO 4.1.2 Express an algorithm in a language. [P5]
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EU 4.2 Algorithms can solve many, but not all, computational problems.
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LO 4.2.1 Explain the difference between algorithms that run in a reasonable time and those that do not run in a reasonable time. [P1]
- EXCLUSION STATEMENT (for LO 4.2.1): Any discussion of nondeterministic polynomial (NP) is beyond the scope of this course and the AP Exam.
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LO 4.2.2 Explain the difference between solvable and unsolvable problems in computer science. [P1]
- EXCLUSION STATEMENT (for LO 4.2.2): Determining whether a given problem is solvable or unsolvable is beyond the scope of this course and the AP Exam.
- LO 4.2.3 Explain the existence of undecidable problems in computer science. [P1]
- LO 4.2.4 Evaluate algorithms analytically and empirically for efficiency, correctness, and clarity. [P4]
Big Idea 5: Programming
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EU 5.1 Programs can be developed for creative expression, to satisfy personal curiosity, to create new knowledge, or to solve problems (to help people, organizations, or society).
- LO 5.1.1 Develop a program for creative expression, to satisfy personal curiosity, or to create new knowledge. [P2]
- LO 5.1.2 Develop a correct program to solve problems. [P2]
- LO 5.1.3 Collaborate to develop a program. [P6]
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EU 5.2 People write programs to execute algorithms.
- LO 5.2.1 Explain how programs implement algorithms. [P3]
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EU 5.3 Programming is facilitated by appropriate abstractions.
- LO 5.3.1 Use abstraction to manage complexity in programs. [P3]
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EU 5.4 Programs are developed, maintained, and used by people for different purposes.
- LO 5.4.1 Evaluate the correctness of a program. [P4]
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EU 5.5 Programming uses mathematical and logical concepts.
- LO 5.5.1 Employ appropriate mathematical and logical concepts in programming. [P1]
Big Idea 6: The Internet
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EU 6.1 The Internet is a network of autonomous systems.
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LO 6.1.1 Explain the abstractions in the Internet and how the Internet functions. [P3]
- EXCLUSION STATEMENT (for LO 6.1.1): Specific devices used to implement the abstractions in the Internet are beyond the scope of this course and the AP Exam.
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EU 6.2 Characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it.
- LO 6.2.1 Explain characteristics of the Internet and the systems built on it. [P5]
- LO 6.2.2 Explain how the characteristics of the Internet influence the systems built on it. [P4]
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EU 6.3 Cybersecurity is an important concern for the Internet and the systems built on it.
- LO 6.3.1 Identify existing cybersecurity concerns and potential options to address these issues with the Internet and the systems built on it. [P1]
Big Idea 7: Global Impact
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EU 7.1 Computing enhances communication, interaction, and cognition.
- LO 7.1.1 Explain how computing innovations affect communication, interaction, and cognition. [P4]
- LO 7.1.2 Explain how people participate in a problem-solving process that scales. [P4]
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EU 7.2 Computing enables innovation in nearly every field.
- LO 7.2.1 Explain how computing has impacted innovations in other fields. [P1]
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EU 7.3 Computing has a global effect — both beneficial and harmful — on people and society.
- LO 7.3.1 Analyze the beneficial and harmful effects of computing. [P4]
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EU 7.4 Computing innovations influence and are influenced by the economic, social, and cultural contexts in which they are designed and used.
- LO 7.4.1 Explain the connections between computing and real-world contexts, including economic, social, and cultural contexts. [P1]
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EU 7.5 An investigative process is aided by effective organization and selection of resources. Appropriate technologies and tools facilitate the accessing of information and enable the ability to evaluate the credibility of sources.
- LO 7.5.1 Access, manage, and attribute information using effective strategies. [P1]
- LO 7.5.2 Evaluate online and print sources for appropriateness and credibility. [P5]