In Pascal's Triangle, each number in the sum of the two numbers above it, with ones on the outside:
Row 1: 1 1
Row 2: 1 2 1
Row 3: 1 3 3 1
Row 4: 1 4 6 4 1
Row 5: 1 5 10 10 5 1
Row 6: 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
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Pascal's Triangle is named (among Europeans and their cultural descendents) after the mathematician Blaise Pascal, who published a detailed study of the triangle in 1653, although the earliest surviving reference to the triangle comes from the Hindu mathematician Pingala, who lived some time around the 4th to 2nd century BCE.